Reference Zones

Reference Zones to Measure Deep Sea Mining’s Impact on Seafloor

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is charged with regulating deep-sea mining in the Area and its environmental impacts.  To evaluate these impacts, the ISA’s rules call for contractors to delineate and monitor Impact Reference Zones (IRZs) and Preservation Reference Zones (PRZs).  In general, an IRZ represents the area impacted by mining operations. A PRZ, in […]

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